Video narration
Can light control a neuron? Think of a light switch-but not a flashlight on someone's head. Optogenetics uses genetic techniques to make selected neurons light-sensitive, then delivers appropriate light to them. Scientists got the idea from microorganisms, where they found proteins that respond to light. One example is channelrhodopsins-light-gated ion channels. The right light opens them, ions move across the membrane, and the cell's electrical state changes. For a neuron, the sequence is: introduce the light-sensitive protein into selected cells; deliver appropriate light; activate the protein; and influence the neuron's electrical activity. That precision lets researchers study circuits involved in perception and movement, and investigate neurological and psychiatric disease mechanisms. So, yes: light can influence a neuron-but not through an ordinary flashlight. Optogenetics turns selected neurons light-sensitive, then uses appropriate light to change their activity. What tiny circuit would you study?