Video narration
How can a plant make a new plant without a flower, a seed, or pollination? Think of siblings: they share parents, but are not exact copies. Now flip that idea. In asexual reproduction, one parent makes a new plant without pollen joining an ovule. A runner or cutting can grow into a plant genetically very similar to its parent-almost a copy. Sexual reproduction works differently. Pollen carries male genetic material, and an ovule contains female genetic material. During fertilisation, they join, starting a seed or developing plant. Because information comes from two sources, the offspring can vary from its parents. Asexual reproduction makes reliable near-copies. Sexual reproduction creates variation, so new plants are not all the same. So, can plants reproduce without flowers or seeds? Yes-one parent can make a near-copy asexually. Or pollen and an ovule combine through fertilisation, making a varied new plant.