Video narration
Here is the key turn: the eyepiece does not create that intermediate image. It receives it near its own focal point and acts as a magnifier. The outgoing rays diverge, so their dotted backward extensions meet on the object side. The final image is therefore virtual and highly magnified. For normal adjustment, the final image is at infinity. The total magnification is the product M equals M sub o times M sub e, giving M equals L D divided by f sub o f sub e. For near-point adjustment, the final image is at the least distance of distinct vision, D. Then M equals L divided by f sub o, multiplied by one plus D divided by f sub e. Exam chain: objective-real, inverted, magnified intermediate image; eyepiece-further magnification; final image-virtual and highly magnified. Smaller focal lengths mean greater magnification. So why two lenses? Because two short-focal-length lenses multiply their effects: the objective forms the image, and the eyepiece magnifies it again. Master the ray diagram. Understand the image formation. Then remember the formula.