Video narration
Arabic mein vowels ko zyada tar “harakat” kehte hain—chhoti-chhoti markings jo letters ke upar ya neeche lagti hain. Teen basic short vowels yaad rakho: Fatha, Kasra, Damma. Fatha ek chhoti line upar—sound “a”, jaise “ba”. Kasra ek chhoti line neeche—sound “i”, jaise “bi”. Damma chhota sa waaw-jaisa curl upar—sound “u”, jaise “bu”. Ab dekho ek hi letter: ب. Fatha lagao: بَ “ba”. Kasra: بِ “bi”. Damma: بُ “bu”. Matlab letter same, lekin vowel marking se pronunciation change ho jaata hai. Kabhi-kabhi double markings bhi milti hain: ً ٍ ٌ —tanween—ending mein “-an, -in, -un” jaisi nasal-ish sound. Aur long vowels? Jab alif, yaa, waaw letters vowel ko lamba karte hain: “aa, ee, oo”. Bas itna yaad: harakat short, letters long. Practice: ek letter, teen sounds—ba, bi, bu.